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B1: Quiz 6 – Answers
B1: Quiz 6 – Answers
1) Stem cells are undifferentiated cells, which means that they can develop into any type of cell
2)
a)
i) Bone marrow, which is found in the middle of long bones in adults
ii) Stem cells from bone marrow cannot differentiate into any type of cell. Instead they can only become a few types of cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells
b)
i) Embryonic stem cells
ii) Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell
3)
a) Meristems
b) The tips of shoots and roots (places where the plant is growing)
4)
a) Differentiation is the process where a cell changes to become specialised for the job that it is carrying out
b) No
c) Yes
5) The benefits are:
6)
a) During a bone marrow transplant, bone marrow is taken from an individual who does not suffer from sickle cell anaemia and is inserted into the individual who does suffer from sickle cell anaemia. If the bone marrow transplant is successful, the patient will be able to produce normal red blood cells
b) No, there is a possibility that the bone marrow will be rejected by the patient
7)
a) The scientists can produce different types of cells by altering the conditions that the stem cells are grown in
b) Diabetes or paralysis
8)
a) Therapeutic cloning is where the nucleus of an unfertilised egg is removed. We then remove the nucleus from a cell from the patient and insert this removed nucleus into the unfertilised egg that we have removed the nucleus from – the inserting of the nucleus into the unfertilised egg means that the egg has the same genetic information as the patient. The embryo with the inserted nucleus will start dividing and copying itself. After about 4-5 days, stem cells can be removed. The stem cells can then be grown into the type of cells/ tissue that is required for the patient
b) The benefit of stem cells produced from therapeutic cloning is that the patient will not reject the stem cells/ cells produced from the stem cells. This is because the stem cells will have the same genetic information as the patient
9)
a) Any 2 from:
2)
a)
i) Bone marrow, which is found in the middle of long bones in adults
ii) Stem cells from bone marrow cannot differentiate into any type of cell. Instead they can only become a few types of cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells
b)
i) Embryonic stem cells
ii) Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell
3)
a) Meristems
b) The tips of shoots and roots (places where the plant is growing)
4)
a) Differentiation is the process where a cell changes to become specialised for the job that it is carrying out
b) No
c) Yes
5) The benefits are:
- We can produce clones quickly and cheaply
- We can use the clones to protect plants from extinction
- We can clone plants that have certain characteristics, such as a good crop yield, disease resistant etc.
6)
a) During a bone marrow transplant, bone marrow is taken from an individual who does not suffer from sickle cell anaemia and is inserted into the individual who does suffer from sickle cell anaemia. If the bone marrow transplant is successful, the patient will be able to produce normal red blood cells
b) No, there is a possibility that the bone marrow will be rejected by the patient
7)
a) The scientists can produce different types of cells by altering the conditions that the stem cells are grown in
b) Diabetes or paralysis
8)
a) Therapeutic cloning is where the nucleus of an unfertilised egg is removed. We then remove the nucleus from a cell from the patient and insert this removed nucleus into the unfertilised egg that we have removed the nucleus from – the inserting of the nucleus into the unfertilised egg means that the egg has the same genetic information as the patient. The embryo with the inserted nucleus will start dividing and copying itself. After about 4-5 days, stem cells can be removed. The stem cells can then be grown into the type of cells/ tissue that is required for the patient
b) The benefit of stem cells produced from therapeutic cloning is that the patient will not reject the stem cells/ cells produced from the stem cells. This is because the stem cells will have the same genetic information as the patient
9)
a) Any 2 from:
- Some people say that it is immoral to use stem cells as the embryos have the potential to produce human life
- Some people say that we should not perform experiments on embryos as they are alive
- There is a risk of transmitting infections when we both remove and insert cells
Questions
1)
a) What is a stem cell?
2)
a)
i) Where is the only place that stem cells can be found in adult humans?
ii) Can the stem cells found in your answer to ai differentiate into any type of cell? If they can only differentiate into certain cells, which cells can they differentiate into?
b)
i) Where is another place that human stem cells can be obtained? Give a different answer to your answer to part ai.
i) Can the stem cells found in your answer to bi differentiate into any type of cell? If they can only differentiate into certain cells, which cells can they differentiate into?
3)
a) What are plant stem cells called?
b) Where in plants are plant stem cells found?
4)
a) What is cell differentiation?
b) Are human cells able to differentiate again and become another type of cell; for example, could a blood cell become a nerve cell?
c) Are plant cells able to differentiate again and become another type of cell?
5) We can clone plants from meristems. Give the three benefits of doing this.
6) A patient has sickle cell anaemia, which means that they produce abnormal red blood cells. A doctor tries to treat the patient with sickle anaemia by doing a bone marrow transplant.
a) Briefly discuss the steps involved in a bone marrow transplant.
b) Will the bone marrow transplant definitely be successful?
7)
a) How do scientists produce different cells from the stem cells that they obtain?
b) Give a condition that embryotic stem cells may be able to treat.
8)
a) Discuss the steps involved in therapeutic cloning.
b) Give an advantage of using stem cells produced from therapeutic cloning compared to stem cells from donated bone marrow? Explain your answer.
9)
a) Give 2 ethical issues/ disadvantages of using stem cells (can be embryotic stem cells or bone marrow stem cells).
1)
a) What is a stem cell?
2)
a)
i) Where is the only place that stem cells can be found in adult humans?
ii) Can the stem cells found in your answer to ai differentiate into any type of cell? If they can only differentiate into certain cells, which cells can they differentiate into?
b)
i) Where is another place that human stem cells can be obtained? Give a different answer to your answer to part ai.
i) Can the stem cells found in your answer to bi differentiate into any type of cell? If they can only differentiate into certain cells, which cells can they differentiate into?
3)
a) What are plant stem cells called?
b) Where in plants are plant stem cells found?
4)
a) What is cell differentiation?
b) Are human cells able to differentiate again and become another type of cell; for example, could a blood cell become a nerve cell?
c) Are plant cells able to differentiate again and become another type of cell?
5) We can clone plants from meristems. Give the three benefits of doing this.
6) A patient has sickle cell anaemia, which means that they produce abnormal red blood cells. A doctor tries to treat the patient with sickle anaemia by doing a bone marrow transplant.
a) Briefly discuss the steps involved in a bone marrow transplant.
b) Will the bone marrow transplant definitely be successful?
7)
a) How do scientists produce different cells from the stem cells that they obtain?
b) Give a condition that embryotic stem cells may be able to treat.
8)
a) Discuss the steps involved in therapeutic cloning.
b) Give an advantage of using stem cells produced from therapeutic cloning compared to stem cells from donated bone marrow? Explain your answer.
9)
a) Give 2 ethical issues/ disadvantages of using stem cells (can be embryotic stem cells or bone marrow stem cells).