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B2: Quiz 11 – Answers
B2: Quiz 11 – Answers
1) Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
2)
a) Transport oxygen around the body
b)
i) haemoglobin + oxygen ⇌ oxyhaemoglobin
the haemoglobin and oxygen can be in any order
ii) The lungs
iii) The body
c) Any from the following:
3)
a) White blood cells
b) Phagocytes and lymphocytes
c) White blood cells fight off infections by the phagocytes engulfing and digesting the pathogens. The lymphocytes produce antibodies to fight the pathogens and antitoxins to neutralise the toxins that the pathogens produce.
4)
a) Platelets
b) The two benefits are:
5)
a) Plasma is the liquid part of blood and it is mainly comprised of water. It is pale yellow in colour and it carries many different substances around the body
b) Any four from:
2)
a) Transport oxygen around the body
b)
i) haemoglobin + oxygen ⇌ oxyhaemoglobin
the haemoglobin and oxygen can be in any order
ii) The lungs
iii) The body
c) Any from the following:
- Red blood cells have a biconcave shape (disc like or a filled in Cheerio). This shape gives them a very high surface area, which enables the efficient exchange of oxygen (both the loading and unloading of oxygen). It also means that they can carry as much oxygen as possible.
- Red blood cells do not have a nucleus. By not having a nucleus, red blood cells can contain more haemoglobin and can therefore carry more oxygen.
- Red blood cells are thin meaning that the distances for diffusion are short.
- Red blood cells are flexible, which enables them to squeeze through capillaries.
3)
a) White blood cells
b) Phagocytes and lymphocytes
c) White blood cells fight off infections by the phagocytes engulfing and digesting the pathogens. The lymphocytes produce antibodies to fight the pathogens and antitoxins to neutralise the toxins that the pathogens produce.
4)
a) Platelets
b) The two benefits are:
- it reduces blood loss/ stop you bleeding
- it prevents the entry of pathogens, which reduces the chances of infection
5)
a) Plasma is the liquid part of blood and it is mainly comprised of water. It is pale yellow in colour and it carries many different substances around the body
b) Any four from:
- The other components of blood (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets)
- Carbon dioxide
- Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids
- Urea/ other waste products
- Proteins
- Antibodies and antitoxins
- Heat (not really a substance)
Questions
1) Without looking at any of the questions below, what are the four different components of blood?
2)
a) What is the role of red blood cells?
b)
i) Fill in the gaps in the reversible reaction below.
1) Without looking at any of the questions below, what are the four different components of blood?
2)
a) What is the role of red blood cells?
b)
i) Fill in the gaps in the reversible reaction below.
ii) Where does the forwards reaction take place; the body or the lungs?
iii) Where does the backwards reaction take place; the body or the lungs?
c) Describe how red blood cells are adapted for their role. Give as many adaptations as you can.
3)
a) Which component of blood is responsible for fighting off infections?
b) There are two different types of cells for this component of blood; what are these two different types?
c) How does this component of blood fight off infections? You only need to briefly explain how this component of blood fights off infections.
4) One of the four components of blood causes blood to clot.
a) What is the name of this component?
b) What are the two benefits of blood clotting?
5)
a) What is plasma and discuss the role that it plays in blood.
b) Give 4 substances that plasma carries.
iii) Where does the backwards reaction take place; the body or the lungs?
c) Describe how red blood cells are adapted for their role. Give as many adaptations as you can.
3)
a) Which component of blood is responsible for fighting off infections?
b) There are two different types of cells for this component of blood; what are these two different types?
c) How does this component of blood fight off infections? You only need to briefly explain how this component of blood fights off infections.
4) One of the four components of blood causes blood to clot.
a) What is the name of this component?
b) What are the two benefits of blood clotting?
5)
a) What is plasma and discuss the role that it plays in blood.
b) Give 4 substances that plasma carries.