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B2: Quiz 7 – Answers
B2: Quiz 7 – Answers
1) glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
You do not need to have “(+ energy)” at the end of the equation
2) Red blood cells
3)
a) Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles
b) 2 lungs
c)
i) Intercostal muscles
ii) The diaphragm
d)
i) The plural membrane ensures that the lungs are airtight
ii) The plural fluid acts as a lubricant, which ensures that the lungs do not get stuck to the ribcage
4)
a) Oxygenated blood is blood that contains lots of oxygen and very little carbon dioxide
b) Deoxygenated blood is blood that contains very little oxygen and lots of carbon dioxide
c) Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration
Or, diffusion is the net movement of particles down a concentration gradient
5)
a) Capillary
b)
i) Right
ii) Left
c) The blood at the start of the alveoli is deoxygenated (little oxygen and lots of carbon dioxide). The gas in the alveoli has come from air that has a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of carbon dioxide. This means that for oxygen, there is a greater concentration inside the alveoli compared to the bloodstream, so oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream. Also, for carbon dioxide, there is a greater concentration in the bloodstream compared to the alveoli, so carbon dioxide diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
d) Any of the following:
6)
a)
i) Left
ii) Right
b)
i) Oxygen
ii) Carbon dioxide
You do not need to have “(+ energy)” at the end of the equation
2) Red blood cells
3)
a) Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles
b) 2 lungs
c)
i) Intercostal muscles
ii) The diaphragm
d)
i) The plural membrane ensures that the lungs are airtight
ii) The plural fluid acts as a lubricant, which ensures that the lungs do not get stuck to the ribcage
4)
a) Oxygenated blood is blood that contains lots of oxygen and very little carbon dioxide
b) Deoxygenated blood is blood that contains very little oxygen and lots of carbon dioxide
c) Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration
Or, diffusion is the net movement of particles down a concentration gradient
5)
a) Capillary
b)
i) Right
ii) Left
c) The blood at the start of the alveoli is deoxygenated (little oxygen and lots of carbon dioxide). The gas in the alveoli has come from air that has a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of carbon dioxide. This means that for oxygen, there is a greater concentration inside the alveoli compared to the bloodstream, so oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream. Also, for carbon dioxide, there is a greater concentration in the bloodstream compared to the alveoli, so carbon dioxide diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
d) Any of the following:
- A very high surface area. There are millions of alveoli in the lungs
- There are only two cells between the inside of the alveoli and the inside of the bloodstream. This means that the distance for diffusion is short which increases the rate of diffusion.
- The alveoli have a very good blood supply through the network of capillaries. This maintains the concentration differences between the inside of the alveoli and the inside of the bloodstream
- They have a moist lining so that the gases dissolve, which makes diffusion of gases faster
6)
a)
i) Left
ii) Right
b)
i) Oxygen
ii) Carbon dioxide
Questions
1) Write the equation for aerobic respiration.
2) Which component of blood is responsible for taking oxygen around the body?
3) Ventilation is the process of air/ gas coming into and out of the lungs.
a) Use the words below to write the order of what air passes through to get from outside the mouth to the alveoli in the lungs.
Words: bronchioles, trachea and bronchus
b) How many lungs do we have?
c)
i) What is the name for the muscles that are in between each of our ribs?
ii) What is the name of the muscle below the lungs?
d)
i) The lungs are surrounded by a pleural membrane; what does the pleural membrane ensure about the lungs?
ii) The pleural cavity is filled with pleural fluid; how does this pleural fluid help the lungs carry out their function?
4)
a) What is oxygenated blood?
b) What is deoxygenated blood?
c) Give a definition for diffusion.
5) The diagram below shows blood passing through a blood vessel next to an alveolus. The blood is travelling from the left to the right.
1) Write the equation for aerobic respiration.
2) Which component of blood is responsible for taking oxygen around the body?
3) Ventilation is the process of air/ gas coming into and out of the lungs.
a) Use the words below to write the order of what air passes through to get from outside the mouth to the alveoli in the lungs.
Words: bronchioles, trachea and bronchus
b) How many lungs do we have?
c)
i) What is the name for the muscles that are in between each of our ribs?
ii) What is the name of the muscle below the lungs?
d)
i) The lungs are surrounded by a pleural membrane; what does the pleural membrane ensure about the lungs?
ii) The pleural cavity is filled with pleural fluid; how does this pleural fluid help the lungs carry out their function?
4)
a) What is oxygenated blood?
b) What is deoxygenated blood?
c) Give a definition for diffusion.
5) The diagram below shows blood passing through a blood vessel next to an alveolus. The blood is travelling from the left to the right.
a) What is the name of the blood vessel that is next to the alveolus?
b)
i) Out of the left and the right for the blood vessel, where do we have oxygenated blood?
ii) Out of the left and the right for the blood vessel, where do we have deoxygenated blood?
c) Discuss the gas exchanges that take place in the alveoli. Explain your answer.
d) Describe how the alveoli are adapted for efficient exchange of gases.
6) The diagram below shows a blood vessel that is going past a muscle cell. The blood is travelling from the left to the right.
b)
i) Out of the left and the right for the blood vessel, where do we have oxygenated blood?
ii) Out of the left and the right for the blood vessel, where do we have deoxygenated blood?
c) Discuss the gas exchanges that take place in the alveoli. Explain your answer.
d) Describe how the alveoli are adapted for efficient exchange of gases.
6) The diagram below shows a blood vessel that is going past a muscle cell. The blood is travelling from the left to the right.
a)
i) Out of the left and the right for the blood vessel, where do we have oxygenated blood?
ii) Out of the left and the right for the blood vessel, where do we have deoxygenated blood?
b)
i) Out of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which substance diffuses from the bloodstream into the muscle cell?
ii) Out of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which substance diffuses from the muscle cell into the bloodstream?
i) Out of the left and the right for the blood vessel, where do we have oxygenated blood?
ii) Out of the left and the right for the blood vessel, where do we have deoxygenated blood?
b)
i) Out of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which substance diffuses from the bloodstream into the muscle cell?
ii) Out of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which substance diffuses from the muscle cell into the bloodstream?