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B3: Quiz 5 – Answers
B3: Quiz 5 – Answers
1) The three ways are:
2) Phagocytes surround a pathogen. They then secrete some enzymes which breaks down/ digests the pathogen. The pathogen is then destroyed and therefore cannot do anymore harm. This process is known as phagocytosis.
3)
a)
i) Antigens
ii) No – the antigens will be different for all pathogens
b) When the B-lymphocytes come across a foreign pathogen/ antigen, they bind to it and start producing antibodies. The antibodies that are produced bind to the antigens on the pathogens, which causes the pathogens to clump together. The clumping together of pathogens makes the pathogens inactive and makes it easier for the phagocytes to engulf and digest the pathogens. As soon as the B-lymphocytes have created the correct antibody, they produce antibodies extremely quickly. These antibodies travel around the bloodstream binding to the antigens of the pathogen that they have been created for
4) After the primary immune response, the B-lymphocyte will develop into a memory cell, which will remember the correct antibody to produce for that pathogen and remain in the body for years. When the same pathogen enters the body, the memory B-lymphocyte produces antibodies extremely quickly, which is why the production of antibodies is considerably greater for the secondary immune response
5) No, the antibodies are not the same for different pathogens. Different pathogens have different antigens, which means that different antibodies are required to fight off different pathogens
6) The immune system produces antitoxins to counteract the effect of the toxins that the pathogens have produced
- Consume/ engulf/ digest them
- Produce antibodies
- Produce antitoxins
2) Phagocytes surround a pathogen. They then secrete some enzymes which breaks down/ digests the pathogen. The pathogen is then destroyed and therefore cannot do anymore harm. This process is known as phagocytosis.
3)
a)
i) Antigens
ii) No – the antigens will be different for all pathogens
b) When the B-lymphocytes come across a foreign pathogen/ antigen, they bind to it and start producing antibodies. The antibodies that are produced bind to the antigens on the pathogens, which causes the pathogens to clump together. The clumping together of pathogens makes the pathogens inactive and makes it easier for the phagocytes to engulf and digest the pathogens. As soon as the B-lymphocytes have created the correct antibody, they produce antibodies extremely quickly. These antibodies travel around the bloodstream binding to the antigens of the pathogen that they have been created for
4) After the primary immune response, the B-lymphocyte will develop into a memory cell, which will remember the correct antibody to produce for that pathogen and remain in the body for years. When the same pathogen enters the body, the memory B-lymphocyte produces antibodies extremely quickly, which is why the production of antibodies is considerably greater for the secondary immune response
5) No, the antibodies are not the same for different pathogens. Different pathogens have different antigens, which means that different antibodies are required to fight off different pathogens
6) The immune system produces antitoxins to counteract the effect of the toxins that the pathogens have produced
Questions
1) What are the three ways that the immune system responds to pathogens that have entered the body? You do not need to explain the three ways.
2) Explain how phagocytes deal with pathogens.
3) There is a diagram of a pathogen below.
1) What are the three ways that the immune system responds to pathogens that have entered the body? You do not need to explain the three ways.
2) Explain how phagocytes deal with pathogens.
3) There is a diagram of a pathogen below.
a)
i) What is the name for the green bits on the above pathogen?
ii) Are the green bits the same for different types of pathogens; would the green bits be the same for influenza and measles?
b) Discuss what happens when B-lymphocytes come across a pathogen that they have not seen before in the body and explain how the B-lymphocytes respond to deal with the pathogen.
4) The graph below shows the level of antibodies in blood for the primary and secondary immune response.
i) What is the name for the green bits on the above pathogen?
ii) Are the green bits the same for different types of pathogens; would the green bits be the same for influenza and measles?
b) Discuss what happens when B-lymphocytes come across a pathogen that they have not seen before in the body and explain how the B-lymphocytes respond to deal with the pathogen.
4) The graph below shows the level of antibodies in blood for the primary and secondary immune response.
Explain why the production of antibodies/ the level of antibodies in blood is considerably greater in the secondary immune response compared to the primary immune response.
5) Are the antibodies produced to fight off different pathogens the same; is the same antibody produced to fight off influenza and measles? Explain your answer.
6) Some pathogens produce toxins. How does the immune system deal with/ reduce the effects of these toxins?
5) Are the antibodies produced to fight off different pathogens the same; is the same antibody produced to fight off influenza and measles? Explain your answer.
6) Some pathogens produce toxins. How does the immune system deal with/ reduce the effects of these toxins?