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B5: Quiz 2 – Answers
B5: Quiz 2 – Answers
1)
a)
i) Receptors detect stimuli (changes in the environment)
ii) Any 2 from eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc
b)
i) Central nervous system
ii) Spinal cord and brain
iii) The CNS is the coordination centre/ it coordinates a response
c) Stimulus –> receptor –> coordination –> effector –> response
d) The two types of effectors are:
2)
a) The ball travelling towards the individual’s head
b) The CNS/ the brain and spinal cord
c) Contracting of muscles/ his hands coming in front of his face
3)
a) If too much light enters the eye, the eye could be damaged. If too little light enters the eye, the eye won’t be able to produce a good image
b)
i) Light intensity/ the amount of light/ the brightness of light
ii) The CNS/ brain and spinal cord
iii) The size of the pupil changing; either getting smaller or bigger
4)
a) Sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone
b) Sensory neurone –> relay neurone –> motor neurone
c)
i) Synapse
ii) The electrical impulse travels along the neurone on the left until it reaches the end of the neurone. When it reaches the end of the neurone, a chemical is released – this chemical is known as a neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap to the membrane of the next neurone (on the above diagram, the neurotransmitters will diffuse from left to right). The neurotransmitters reaching the membrane of the next neurone results in an electrical impulse being sent along this neurone.
5)
a) The reflex arc/ reflex actions are unconscious. This is beneficial to humans as it means that the response to a stimulus is faster than it would be if the conscious part of the brain was involved, which prevents damage or reduces the amount of damaged caused
b)
i) the hot hob
ii) the CNS/ spinal cord and brain
iii) muscle cells/ bicep
c)
A – sensory neurone
B – relay neurone
C – motor neurone
6) stimulus –> receptor –> sensory neurone –> CNS (relay neurone) –> motor neurone –> effector –> response
7) The painkillers prevent the neurotransmitters from binding to the receptors on the neurone on the other side of the synapse. This prevents a new electrical impulse being initiated at the next neurone. This means that messages are prevented from being passed onto the CNS or other neurones, thus meaning that the individual does not feel pain/ feels less pain
a)
i) Receptors detect stimuli (changes in the environment)
ii) Any 2 from eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc
b)
i) Central nervous system
ii) Spinal cord and brain
iii) The CNS is the coordination centre/ it coordinates a response
c) Stimulus –> receptor –> coordination –> effector –> response
d) The two types of effectors are:
- Muscles, which respond by contracting
- Glands, which respond by secreting hormones
2)
a) The ball travelling towards the individual’s head
b) The CNS/ the brain and spinal cord
c) Contracting of muscles/ his hands coming in front of his face
3)
a) If too much light enters the eye, the eye could be damaged. If too little light enters the eye, the eye won’t be able to produce a good image
b)
i) Light intensity/ the amount of light/ the brightness of light
ii) The CNS/ brain and spinal cord
iii) The size of the pupil changing; either getting smaller or bigger
4)
a) Sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone
b) Sensory neurone –> relay neurone –> motor neurone
c)
i) Synapse
ii) The electrical impulse travels along the neurone on the left until it reaches the end of the neurone. When it reaches the end of the neurone, a chemical is released – this chemical is known as a neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap to the membrane of the next neurone (on the above diagram, the neurotransmitters will diffuse from left to right). The neurotransmitters reaching the membrane of the next neurone results in an electrical impulse being sent along this neurone.
5)
a) The reflex arc/ reflex actions are unconscious. This is beneficial to humans as it means that the response to a stimulus is faster than it would be if the conscious part of the brain was involved, which prevents damage or reduces the amount of damaged caused
b)
i) the hot hob
ii) the CNS/ spinal cord and brain
iii) muscle cells/ bicep
c)
A – sensory neurone
B – relay neurone
C – motor neurone
6) stimulus –> receptor –> sensory neurone –> CNS (relay neurone) –> motor neurone –> effector –> response
7) The painkillers prevent the neurotransmitters from binding to the receptors on the neurone on the other side of the synapse. This prevents a new electrical impulse being initiated at the next neurone. This means that messages are prevented from being passed onto the CNS or other neurones, thus meaning that the individual does not feel pain/ feels less pain
Questions
1)
a)
i) What is the role of receptors in the body?
ii) Give 2 examples of receptors in the body.
b)
i) What does CNS stand for?
ii) What makes up the CNS?
iii) What does the CNS do?
c) Place the words coordination, response, receptor, stimulus and effector in order to show how responses are brought about in the body.
d) There are two different types of effectors. What are these two different types of effectors and how do each of the effectors respond?
2) A ball is travelling towards an individual’s head. Electrical impulses are sent along a reflex arc to cause the individual to contract some muscles to bring his hands in front of his face.
a) What is the stimulus for this?
b) Where does the coordination happen?
c) What is the response?
3) The eye has a reflex arc that controls how much light enters the eye. It is controlled by receptors that monitor light levels. The size of the pupil then changes according to the level of light.
a) Why do we need to control how much light enters the eye?
b) For this reflex arc, what are the following:
i) the stimulus
ii) the coordinator
iii) the response
4)
a) Give the names of the three different neurones?
b) Place the three neurones in your answer to part a in the order that the electrical impulses travel through from a stimulus to a response.
c) The diagram below shows the connection between two neurones. The electrical impulses are going from left to right on the diagram below.
1)
a)
i) What is the role of receptors in the body?
ii) Give 2 examples of receptors in the body.
b)
i) What does CNS stand for?
ii) What makes up the CNS?
iii) What does the CNS do?
c) Place the words coordination, response, receptor, stimulus and effector in order to show how responses are brought about in the body.
d) There are two different types of effectors. What are these two different types of effectors and how do each of the effectors respond?
2) A ball is travelling towards an individual’s head. Electrical impulses are sent along a reflex arc to cause the individual to contract some muscles to bring his hands in front of his face.
a) What is the stimulus for this?
b) Where does the coordination happen?
c) What is the response?
3) The eye has a reflex arc that controls how much light enters the eye. It is controlled by receptors that monitor light levels. The size of the pupil then changes according to the level of light.
a) Why do we need to control how much light enters the eye?
b) For this reflex arc, what are the following:
i) the stimulus
ii) the coordinator
iii) the response
4)
a) Give the names of the three different neurones?
b) Place the three neurones in your answer to part a in the order that the electrical impulses travel through from a stimulus to a response.
c) The diagram below shows the connection between two neurones. The electrical impulses are going from left to right on the diagram below.
i) What is the name of the connection between two neurones?
ii) Explain how messages are sent across the gap between the two neurones.
5)
a) Is the reflex arc/ reflex action conscious or unconscious? Explain how it being conscious or unconscious is beneficial for humans.
We are now going to have a look at the reflex arc/ reflex action that occurs when an individual touches a hot hob, which results in them pulling their hand away from the hot hob. A diagram of the reflex arc is shown below.
ii) Explain how messages are sent across the gap between the two neurones.
5)
a) Is the reflex arc/ reflex action conscious or unconscious? Explain how it being conscious or unconscious is beneficial for humans.
We are now going to have a look at the reflex arc/ reflex action that occurs when an individual touches a hot hob, which results in them pulling their hand away from the hot hob. A diagram of the reflex arc is shown below.
b) For the above reflex arc, what are the following:
i) the stimulus
ii) the coordinator
iii) the effector
c) For the above reflex arc, what is the name of the neurones labelled A, B and C?
6) Place the words below in order from what happens in a reflex arc.
CNS (relay neurone), sensory neurone, stimulus, response, effector, receptor, motor neurone
7) Some painkillers work by preventing chemicals (neurotransmitters) binding to the receptors in synapses. Explain how this reduces the pain felt by an individual.
i) the stimulus
ii) the coordinator
iii) the effector
c) For the above reflex arc, what is the name of the neurones labelled A, B and C?
6) Place the words below in order from what happens in a reflex arc.
CNS (relay neurone), sensory neurone, stimulus, response, effector, receptor, motor neurone
7) Some painkillers work by preventing chemicals (neurotransmitters) binding to the receptors in synapses. Explain how this reduces the pain felt by an individual.